Woflenstein enemies.

[Galaxy_Stranger]

I'm trying to match up Wolf3D enemies with their real-world organizational counterparts.

German Trooper - was this a Wehrmacht Heer or some SS soldier? I think this is a significant distinction to make since just about everyone else in the game is explicitly SS.
Schutzstaffel Guard - I'm presuming this was Waffen SS.
Officer - What was this? A Waffen SS officer or something else?
Hans Grosse - Head Schutzstaffel guard?
Dr. Schabbs - I'm going to presume Allgemeine SS
Otto Giftmacher - Allgemeine SS?
Gretel Grosse - Head Schutzstaffel guard?
General Fettgesicht - Heer? Allgemeine SS? Waffen SS?

Trans Gross - Schutzstaffel?
Barnacle Wilhelm - Kriegsmarine?
Submarine Willy - Kriegsmarine
Professor Quarkblitz - Allgemeine SS?
Major Hans von Schlieffen - Waffen SS?
Death Knight - ??

And the mutants - you think these were Waffen SS Volunteers or are they from some other source?

[Reactor]

Guards - Wehrmacht infantry, for instance, Leibstandarte, Hitlerjugend, Volksgrenadier, Einsatzgruppe, though I'm pretty sure they were armed with machineguns and assault rifles, not just pistols (Kar98, Mauser, MP-40, MG42). Their counterparts in Return to castle Wolfenstein are much more realistic, and some of them even retain their pistols, especially at the first level.

SS - Obviously their real-life counterparts are SS Soldiers or Gestapo (perhaps this is why they look like policemen?). I think the Paratroopers took their role in Return to castle Wolfenstein. You know, those baddies dressed in all black, wielding an FG42 paratroop rifle.

Officer - These can be any kind of officers. Wehrmacht, Waffen-SS, Gestapo, RSHA, Abwehr and so on. In this aspect, Return to castle Wolfenstein was a bit disappointing, as most of the officers didn't have any special clothing, making them very akin to regular rifle infantry, though there were some nicely done officers there. Let's face it, Nazi officers never wore white.

Hans Grösse, Gretel Grösse, Death Knight, Barnacle Wilhelm etc. - I think these were based on real-life heroes or nasties of Das Reich. For instance, Otto Skorzeny, Ernst Kaltenbrunner, Otto Ohlendorf, Klaus Barbie and stuff like this. Gretel Grösse may be a homage to Irma Grese.
TOD IST MEIN LEBEN!!!!

Dr. Schabbs - This was unquestionably Jozef Mengele.

Otto Giftmacher, Professor Quarkblitz - One of the top-ranking Nazi scientists, like the inventor of the V-2 rocket. It would be fitting as Otto Giftmacher has only a rocket launcher.

"Submarine" Willy - I believe he supposed to be Karl Dönitz.

General Fettgesicht - Maybe Herman Göring, the Reichmarshall?

[BFG]

Officers should wear black uniform instead of white, the SS and guards should wear green with dark gray helmets.

Dr. Schabbs - This was unquestionably Jozef Mengele.

True, and aren't the mutants based on propaganda art that was spreading around rumors that the Nazis were building these 'super soldiers' in a lab, which was actually untrue and just fabricated by the Americans? It might have been Mengele or I even heard stories about Stalin being in of such a secret project like this.

[Galaxy_Stranger]

This is what I'm leaning toward now:

• Guards: Black SS with helmets.
• Schutzstaffel Guard: Waffen SS in blue/green field uniform with caps.
• Hans, Gretel & Trans Grosse: Some sort of SS officer type. I say this because Gretel likely would not have been allowed to be a part of the Waffen SS.
• Dr. Schabbs, Otto Giftmacher & Professor Quarkblitz: Sanitätsstaffel
• General Fettgesicht: Maybe Waffen SS General
• Barnacle Wilhelm: Dunno what to do with this one. He's in the bottom of a dungeon. "Barnacle" bespeaks navy.
• Submarine Willy: Kriegsmarine
• Major Hans von Schlieffen: Waffen SS as he is responsible for physically taking the Spear of Destiny, so it makes sense.
• Mutants & ÜberMutants - undead Waffen SS

What makes things confusing is that you could have two or three completely different ranks depending on how many SS organizations you were a part of. You could be in the Waffen SS fighting Russians and then get transferred to the German Police and retain both ranks. And even then, the Gestapo wasn't SS at all.

The SS was also not a part of the Wehrmacht, which consisted of Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine and other "regular" army and intelligence groups. The SS and Gestapo were explicitly Nazi party groups. The Wehrmacht were the national armed forces of Germany. This is significant because one of the reasons the Waffen SS was created was because of open political pushback by the Wehrmacht and Hitler saw a need for a private army so he could retain power in case of a coup.

Another interesting bit of trivia is that the Waffen SS weren't always "elite" and weren't even really trained well at first.